{"id":30638,"date":"2024-05-22T11:56:36","date_gmt":"2024-05-22T09:56:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/pt-journal\/issue-5-2024\/"},"modified":"2024-05-22T12:00:42","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T10:00:42","slug":"issue-5-2024","status":"publish","type":"pt-journal","link":"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/en\/pt-journal\/issue-5-2024\/","title":{"rendered":"Issue 5-2024"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"30638\" class=\"elementor elementor-30638 elementor-30616\" data-elementor-post-type=\"pt-journal\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-919eb1f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"919eb1f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;67a3195&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c868043\" data-id=\"c868043\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3526f4e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3526f4e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">A look at nuclear energy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8884cb1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8884cb1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">J\u00f6rg Michels<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb2db26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb2db26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>A year ago, Germany\u2019s last three nuclear power plants were shut down, closing the chapter on nuclear power generation in Germany. This far-reaching decision was preceded by a natural disaster \u2013 a tsunami that struck Japan following a major earthquake in 2011. As well as causing much suffering and international consternation, this tsunami also triggered discussions about the peaceful use of nuclear energy for electricity generation.<\/p><p>Not only in Germany was there a reassessment: in Italy, for example, the planned reintroduction of nuclear power, which had not been used there since 1990, failed. In Switzerland and Spain, projects to build new nuclear power stations were halted. However, in other countries, such as Finland and France, not only did existing plants continue to operate, but ongoing new-build projects also continued. In Germany, the recent decision to extend the operating life of nuclear power plants was reversed and replaced by a phase-out. In the immediate aftermath of the tsunami, eight German nuclear power plants were shut down, and the gradual phase-out of the other nine plants still in operation at the time was determined by the end of 2022. According to the IAEA, some 48 gigawatts of nuclear capacity have been taken off the grid worldwide between 2011 and 2020, as 65 reactors were either permanently shut down or their operating licences were not renewed. Instead, the focus of nuclear expansion during this period shifted to Asia, where a total of 59 gigawatts of capacity was added.<\/p><p><a class=\"storyLink\" title=\"Editorial Issue 3\/2024\" href=\"#editorial524\">[more &#8230;]<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-dcc3d3c\" data-id=\"dcc3d3c\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22d401c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"22d401c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/en\/vgbe-energy-journal\/#abo\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"1086\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/vgbe-ej2024-05Titelb_990-1400-768x1086.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-30618\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/vgbe-ej2024-05Titelb_990-1400-768x1086.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/vgbe-ej2024-05Titelb_990-1400-212x300.jpg 212w, https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/vgbe-ej2024-05Titelb_990-1400-724x1024.jpg 724w, https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/vgbe-ej2024-05Titelb_990-1400.jpg 990w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9cc411f elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"9cc411f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/en\/vgbe-energy-journal\/#abo\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-double-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Subscribe to our vgbe energy journal!<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.vgb.org\/shop\/fachzeitschrift.html\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"fas fa-angle-double-right\"><\/i>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">In our Online Shop you can order individual issues.<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f6197ef elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f6197ef\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;9d64f73&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-857499f\" data-id=\"857499f\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-230e878 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"230e878\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Modelling of hydrogen production technologies in an integrated energy system at different carbon constraints<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9ba4c7b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9ba4c7b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Stefan Ballok, Marco Cometto, Aliki van Heek and Eileen Langegger<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa0e258 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"aa0e258\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The main objective of the study is to investigate how the energy mix and hydrogen production evolve at different levels of carbon intensity, hydrogen demand and when changing economic assumptions on low-carbon technology costs. The study aims also at understanding under which conditions hydrogen can be economically used as seasonal storage and flexibility provider to compensate for the variability of renewable sources. The study aims at establishing the long-term optimal combination of generation sources to satisfy a given demand for power and hydrogen at the minimal economic cost. Overall, the coupling of the hydrogen system and power system is beneficial as its provision of flexibility helps to increase the share of renewables and thus accelerate further decarbonization.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b61469 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b61469\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Decommissioning costs of nuclear power plants \u2013 An international overview<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41a5478 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"41a5478\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Peter Hippauf<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4705d85 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4705d85\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Within the next years the number of nuclear decommissioning projects will increase and consequently the requirement for realistic plans and transparent cost calculations will as well. For more than 40 years now, NIS has provided decommissioning plans and cost calculations for nuclear facilities in Germany and Europe covering especially decommissioning masses, radiological assessments and the project schedules. An overview of planned decommissioning projects for pressurized water reactor (PWR) in 6 European countries shows total costs between 320 and 1.500 Million \u20ac per unit. Higher decommissioning costs are caused by a larger decommissioning mass (PWR size) as well as the price and wage level in the corresponding countries. Optimized project schedules and the achievement of economies of scale in multi-unit sites lead to lower average costs per unit.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/vgbe-ej-2024-05-039-043-HIPPAUF-RGB-Specimen-Copy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download [1.0 MB]<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9c2272 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b9c2272\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">AWiR: A participation-orientated change project in nuclear decommissioning\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8ffcae elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c8ffcae\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ralf Schimweg and Marco Steinbusch<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb06665 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb06665\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The dismantling of plants is an ambivalent endeavour for employees: It is not easy to work on dismantling one\u2019s own workplace every day. This dilemma was visible and measurable in the dismantling of JEN\u2019s AVR experimental reactor due to constant project delays and poor morale among the workforce, particularly between residual operation, dismantling and radiation protection. In this article, the authors describe how a change project lasting a good two years succeeded in significantly improving the willingness to change, future prospects, cooperation and ultimately the progress of the dismantling project with the intensive involvement of the employees.The project team &#8211; the centrepiece of the change project &#8211; consisted of managers and employees elected by the workforce as well as representatives of the works council. All activities and results were \u201clegitimised\u201d by the project team. <\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9053f06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9053f06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Protection of nuclear power plants against the effects of tsunamis and severe flooding <\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-81a23c3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"81a23c3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Jens Wieneke<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c37dc94 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c37dc94\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The protection of nuclear power plants against the effects of tsunamis and severe flooding is of critical safety importance, particularly in view of the potentially catastrophic effects of such events. A sensible strategy to increase the safety of nuclear power plants is the diversification of protection devices. By combining different protective measures, potential vulnerabilities of individual systems can be minimized and the overall safety of the power plant can be increased. Additional protective devices could be installed that act independently of the existing flood protection walls. These additional protective devices could serve as a supplementary safety measure and improve the overall resistance of the nuclear power plant to the effects of tsunamis and severe flooding.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/vgbe-ej-2024-05-050-053-WIENEKE-RGB-Specimen-Copy.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Download [1.0 MB]<\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-27566fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"27566fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nuclear technology under article 6.8 of the Paris Agreement<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f139055 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"f139055\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Henrique Schneider<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d2e4caa elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d2e4caa\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Article 6.8 of the Paris Agreement is uniquely suited to combine the several goals of the Agreement with different activities undertaken by Parties as well as in Public Private Partnerships. As a bottom-up approach, the participating Parties decide alone on the criteria any activity should fulfill. Participating parties are free to deploy a wide array of activities under this provision of the Agreement \u2013 as long as their mitigation outcomes do not lead to tradable units. For this reason, PA 6.8 is more flexible than the financial and technology mechanisms under the Agreement. PA 6.8 could, therefore, be a leeway to \u201calternative\u201d finance and technology partnerships between countries and non-state agents. Indeed, financing nuclear technology and\/or undertaking common research on this topic or any activity considered transfer of technology seem the most likely case for deploying nuclear under PA 6.8.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fba36f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8fba36f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nuclear power plants worldwide: Compact statistics 2023<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85a9a32 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"85a9a32\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Editorial<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6b5ceb2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6b5ceb2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>At the end of 2023, 414 nuclear power plants were in operation in 33 countries worldwide. The number has not changed compared to the previous year\u2019s reporting date. Three nuclear power plant units went into operation, two resumed operation after a lengthy shutdown and five units were decommissioned. The installed and available nuclear power capacity totalled 391 GWe gross and 368 GWe net. 6 new nuclear power plant projects were initiated with the start of construction. 56 plants with a total capacity of 67 GWe gross and 63 GWe net were under construction in 16 countries. In addition, around 200 nuclear power plant units are currently being planned in 30 countries worldwide.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b6083e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2b6083e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Operating experience with nuclear power plants 2023\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-878663e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"878663e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">vgbe energy\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47907ab elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"47907ab\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>vgbe energy committees have been exchanging operating experience about nuclear power plants for more than 30 years. Plant operators from several European countries are participating in the exchange. A report is given on the operating results of the three German nuclear power plants achieved in 2023, events important to plant safety, special and relevant repair, and retrofit measures.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aeaf184 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"aeaf184\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Mercury reduction at Indonesian coal plants \u2013 Minamata compliance strategy<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0cab033 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0cab033\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Lesley Sloss, Wojciech Jacewicz, Edward Archer and Peter Nelson<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1f9ef6a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1f9ef6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Indonesia ratified the UN Minamata Convention on Mercury in September 2017 and must now take action to comply with the aims of the Convention. For the coal sector, this means producing an inventory of mercury emissions and using these data to determine the most cost-effective and appropriate means to reduce mercury. This report aims to assist the Indonesian government in the development of a national compliance strategy to reduce emissions of mercury from the coal utility sector. It focuses on technical solutions noting, where possible, how applicable they are to the Indonesian challenge.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36adf95 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36adf95\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Harnessing sustainable finance for the energy transition\n<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d163bd4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d163bd4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">eurelectric<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70abef5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70abef5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As part of the European Green Deal, EU institutions have adopted cross-sectoral legislation to improve investor access to sustainability information, from a Taxonomy for sustainable economic activities to European Sustainability Reporting Standards. This should in turn improve access to finance for the sustainable transition of companies. As the Platform for Sustainable Finance highlighted in its recent report on a compendium of market practices, the power sector stands out as an early adopter of the sustainable finance framework: in 2023, 69 % of utilities\u2019 capital expenditure was aligned with the EU Taxonomy.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90a92a8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90a92a8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Review \u2013 vgbe\/V\u00d6U Expert Event River Management and Ecology<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-51884d5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"51884d5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">vgbe energy<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cc667f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1cc667f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In cooperation with the V\u00d6U \u2013 Association for Ecology and Environmental Research \u2013 vgbe held the Expert Event \u201cRiver Management and Ecology\u201d on 21\/22 March 2024 as part of RENEXPO INTERHYDRO. The participants, who came to Salzburg from 16 countries, were offered a comprehensive overview of all topics relating to river management and ecology.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3dac4db elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3dac4db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Review \u2013 vgbe Info Day Municipal Electricity and Heat Generation<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e135e9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7e135e9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">vgbe energy<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d2e2a3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7d2e2a3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>As the energy landscape continues to change, municipal power and heat generation, also in conjunction with thermal waste utilisation, will play an increasingly important role in maintaining security of supply in the future. This will result in a constant stream of new tasks and challenges for the operators of such plants. Challenges and opportunities have been presented and discussed on the occasion of the \u201cvgbe Info Day Municipal Electricity and Heat Generation\u201d in January 2024 in Munich.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ce4ef8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"3ce4ef8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6109015 elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-stretched bg-energyfield-fixed neutral elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle\" data-id=\"6109015\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[],&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-background-overlay\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-1ea223b\" data-id=\"1ea223b\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-56f9190 elementor-widget elementor-widget-menu-anchor\" data-id=\"56f9190\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"menu-anchor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-menu-anchor\" id=\"editorial524\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-1c13b11 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1c13b11\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;_id&quot;:&quot;e5cb45c&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_tablet&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_image_mobile&quot;:{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;&quot;},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_speed&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;%&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:50,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]},&quot;jet_parallax_layout_type&quot;:&quot;scroll&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_direction&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_fx_direction&quot;:null,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_z_index&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_x_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y&quot;:50,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_y_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_tablet&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_bg_size_mobile&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_animation_prop&quot;:&quot;transform&quot;,&quot;jet_parallax_layout_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;]}]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-48c0055\" data-id=\"48c0055\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-9de9835\" data-id=\"9de9835\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6cc142f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6cc142f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Editorial<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-35d84ae\" data-id=\"35d84ae\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7e498c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"7e498c5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;jet_parallax_layout_list&quot;:[]}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-wider\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c95c553\" data-id=\"c95c553\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1e3ca45 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"1e3ca45\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Michels_PT424-qoj2jle2rqxgq01qv6oy0qfh61rjhixeuk0h2s9ksg.jpg\" title=\"Michels_PT424\" alt=\"Michels_PT424\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc573ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fc573ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">J\u00f6rg Michels<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9cbb5b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a9cbb5b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Chairman of the Management Board <br>\nEnBW Kernkraft GmbH<br>\nPhilippsburg nuclear power plant, Philippsburg, Germany<br>\nMember of the Executive Board \nof vgbe energy e.V.\n<\/h3>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31bb521\" data-id=\"31bb521\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cff1599 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"cff1599\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"> \nA look at nuclear energy\n<\/h1>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92cb03b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"92cb03b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Dear readers of the vgbe energy journal,<\/p>\n<p>A year ago, Germany\u2019s last three nuclear power plants were shut down, closing the chapter on nuclear power generation in Germany. This far-reaching decision was preceded by a natural disaster \u2013 a tsunami that struck Japan following a major earthquake in 2011. As well as causing much suffering and international consternation, this tsunami also triggered discussions about the peaceful use of nuclear energy for electricity generation.<\/p>\n<p>Not only in Germany was there a reassessment: in Italy, for example, the planned reintroduction of nuclear power, which had not been used there since 1990, failed. In Switzerland and Spain, projects to build new nuclear power stations were halted. However, in other countries, such as Finland and France, not only did existing plants continue to operate, but ongoing new-build projects also continued. In Germany, the recent decision to extend the operating life of nuclear power plants was reversed and replaced by a phase-out. In the immediate aftermath of the tsunami, eight German nuclear power plants were shut down, and the gradual phase-out of the other nine plants still in operation at the time was determined by the end of 2022. According to the IAEA, some 48 gigawatts of nuclear capacity have been taken off the grid worldwide between 2011 and 2020, as 65 reactors were either permanently shut down or their operating licences were not renewed. Instead, the focus of nuclear expansion during this period shifted to Asia, where a total of 59 gigawatts of capacity was added.<\/p>\n<p>Although some nuclear power plants in Germany were already being decommissioned before 2011, it was only the decision to phase out nuclear power that led to the planning and implementation of large-scale decommissioning projects. The overall scope of the decommissioning projects is reflected not only in the planning and implementation periods of around two to three decades, but also in the financial volume of the projects: on the German operator side alone, the total costs are likely to be in the mid tens of billions. Under the German Atomic Energy Act, approvals for decommissioning and dismantling have now been issued for almost all German nuclear power plants, and some plants are already at an advanced stage of dismantling.<\/p>\n<p>As during operation, diligence and responsibility are required during dismantling. In addition to the requirements of nuclear safety and radiation protection, issues such as fire protection, occupational safety, environmental protection and waste disposal are becoming increasingly important. Although many nuclear power plants have been dismantled in the past, both nationally and internationally, the parallel running of more than twenty dismantling projects in Germany has recently led to a significant increase in expertise and has been a driving force for innovation. German operators are not the only ones to have built up such a wealth of experience. A wider field has also been created for national and international service providers. This is particularly valuable for future dismantling projects in the international arena. The international exchange of experience promoted by the vgbe helps to ensure that the dismantling of nuclear power plants will continue to be carried out not only safely, but also more economically and efficiently in the future.<\/p>\n<p>This international exchange is not only relevant to the decommissioning of nuclear power plants. In the light of climate change and Russia\u2019s war against Ukraine, the role of nuclear power has been reassessed in some cases, particularly at European level. For example, the EU Commission has set standards for environmental management in the form of taxonomy regulations. Nuclear energy was classified as sustainable in 2022, which encouraged investment in the continued operation and new construction of nuclear power plants. In Germany, uncertainties about energy supply led to a further change in the law at the end of 2022. This allowed the last three nuclear power plants to continue operating for three and a half months, contributing to security of supply and grid stability in the winter of 2022\/2023, before these three plants were also shut down permanently.<\/p>\n<p>Even though the chapter of nuclear power generation in Germany is now finished, it makes sense for the vbge to continue to deal with the issue in the future. This is because, in addition to the operation of existing nuclear power plants and the construction of third-generation nuclear power plants, research and development of fourth-generation reactor types and other concepts such as Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) continues internationally. It is therefore not only useful, but also necessary \u2013 in the interest of the safety of existing and new nuclear power plants &#8211; to continue to follow and contribute to international developments. In addition to technology and safety, questions of implementation time and economic viability of new plants and projects must also be considered &#8211; also in comparison with other climate-friendly alternatives.<\/p>\n<p>The vgbe and its international members have many years of experience and significant expertise in the operation of nuclear power plants, their modernisation and decommissioning, as well as in the field of research and development. This includes a wide range of expertise from technology, radiation protection, reactor physics and chemistry to qualification, standardisation and national and international regulatory work. Additional information can be accessed via various database systems, for example on the international feedback of operating experience. Making this experience and expertise available for the safe operation and decommissioning of nuclear power plants in the future is and remains one of the declared aims of the vgbe.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nuclear power<br \/>\nEnvironmental protection<br \/>\nDecommissioning costs of nuclear power plants \u2013 An international overview<br \/>\nProtection of nuclear power plants against the effects of tsunamis and severe flooding<br \/>\nModelling of hydrogen production technologies in an integrated energy system<br \/>\nNPP operating results 2023<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":30618,"template":"","class_list":["post-30638","pt-journal","type-pt-journal","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pt-journal\/30638","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pt-journal"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/pt-journal"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pt-journal\/30638\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":30643,"href":"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pt-journal\/30638\/revisions\/30643"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/30618"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vgbe.energy\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=30638"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}